Social integration and religion

Alevi–Sunni relations in Turkey have often been shaped by superficial political debates and recurring speculation. This socio‑religious dynamic, interpreted differently by each group, has remained a long‑standing social issue. Alevism, central to these discussions, has been defined in various ways across regions and periods, sometimes as a socio‑cultural and sometimes as a socio‑religious structure. Historically, Alevis lived separately from Sunnis, but industrialization and migration brought the two groups closer together, while a few rural villages also show examples of shared living. Despite past negative experiences that often led Alevis to hide their beliefs, the five villages examined in this study present a contrasting picture: Alevis openly practice their faith, hold cem ceremonies, and even welcome Sunni neighbors. The study explores how social cohesion is maintained, which areas show integration, and how religious or cultural factors shape this coexistence. It aims to identify the elements that support harmonious relations in rural settings and to contribute to a broader understanding of Alevi–Sunni dynamics in contemporary Turkey.