Reveals relationships between apnea duration, training volume, and performance in competitive swimmers, suggesting important physiological insights.
The diving response and spleen dynamics were characterized by marked bradycardia, peripheral oxygen desaturation, and significant spleen contraction in all swimmers. Longer apnea duration was linked to higher performance in experienced athletes, whereas in younger swimmers, performance showed a positive relationship with training volume.
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Gamble et al. (2026) studied this question.
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