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Biphasic system demonstrates efficient conversion of carbohydrates to HMF, suggesting potential for green chemistry applications.
An effective biphasic catalytic system for the conversion of carbohydrates to 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) has been developed. The system employs Ru(OH)Cl3 as a catalyst in a choline chloride–water (ChCl:H2O = 1:4) deep eutectic solvent (DES) with methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) as a continuous extractant for HMF. This approach affords HMF in 78–84% yield from glucose, fructose, sucrose, and starch at 110°C. The effects of the DES composition and the addition of N-, O-, and P-donor ligands on the HMF yield were also investigated.
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Gnatiuk et al. (2026) studied this question.
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