What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to evaluate the impact of 30% fly ash replacement on the physical-chemical properties and mechanical strength of CPII-F40 concrete.

April 6, 2026Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance0 citationsOpen Access

Analysis of the Physical-Chemical, Functional, and Toxic Influence of the Addition of Pozzolanic Ash in CPII-F40 Concrete

BAB. R. P. AnghebenUniversidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná FKF. R. KrugerUniversidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná ACA. CalsavaraUniversidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná

Key Points

The aim is to evaluate the impact of 30% fly ash replacement on the physical-chemical properties and mechanical strength of CPII-F40 concrete.
Partial replacement of cement with 30% CVM fly ash.
Analysis of density, LOI%, and dynamic light scattering.
Conducted XRD, TGA/DTA, XRF, SEM, FTIR, and mechanical strength tests.
Performed toxicity assessment on both concrete types.
CVM showed similar compressive strength to CPII-F40 at 28 days.
At 63 days, CVM compressive strength improved, exceeding that of CPII-F40.
Density of CVM was lower, necessitating mass adjustments in mixes.
Toxicity evaluations revealed significant differences favoring CPII-F40.

Abstract

Abstract The increasing use of concrete in civil construction projects is a current reality, largely driven by the shortage of skilled labor. Pozzolanic ashes originating from the steel industry represent a promising residue for partial cement replacement. This study investigated the substitution of 30% fly ash from thermoelectric power plants (CVM) in Portland Composite Cement with filler (CPII-F40) for concrete production. It was applied, and the density, loss on ignition ( LOI% ), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) of both CPII-F40 and CVM were analyzed. CVM had a lower density than CPII-F40, requiring a mass correction for equivalence, as well as a narrower particle-size distribution and lower polydispersity than cement. Furthermore, the LOI% of CVM complied with the limits established by NBR 16697. Additional analyses included x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA), x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), hydrochloric acid (HCl) attack, pozzolanic activity index ( IAP% ), and mechanical strength tests (compressive strength—( f ck ), tensile strength—( f ct ), and flexural strength—( f ctf ), as well as toxicity assessment, performed on both types of tested concretes. The results demonstrated that CVM exhibited diffraction peaks (XRD) and a chemical composition (XRF), and that the compressive strength of CVM28 (29.87 ± 0.36 MPa) was similar to that of CPII-F40 (29.64 ± 0.12 MPa) within the 28-day compression range. At 63 days, the compression of CVM was 33.66 ± 0.21 MPa and CPII-F40 was 32.51 ± 0.11 MPa. Other analyses, including chemical resistance, thermal behavior, and toxicity evaluation, showed more significant differences in the concrete containing 30% CVM. Graphical Abstract

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