Physics‐Aware Reconfigurable Optical Logic Computing Scheme Through Light Feature Co‐Encoding

Optical computing offers a transformative approach for ultrafast, high‐throughput, and energy‐efficient information processing. However, most existing paradigms—whether on‐chip or free‐space—face a critical trade‐off: the pursuit of hardware reconfigurability and scalability through precise device structural design inherently compromises the unique properties that make light an exceptional medium for computation. Here, we propose a physics‐aware optical logic computing scheme that leverages the intrinsic nonlinearities of 2D MoS 2 . By implementing a co‐encoding strategy that incorporates pump, probe, and control light features, our system realizes reconfigurable logic operations while maintaining the innate advantages of photonic computation. MoS 2 flakes serve as multifunctional channels, in which light pulse power and delay are co‐encoded as input logic bits. These inputs activate a computational mechanism based on synergistic excited‐state absorption, generating measurable changes in relative transmittance that constitute the operation results. The co‐encoding principle grants exceptional reconfigurability, enabling the implementation of seven fundamental logic operations and signal demultiplexers. As a practical demonstration, we showcase all‐optical signal encryption and decryption with a per‐step operation speed of 5 ps and an operation energy consumption of 1.5 pJ. This physics‐aware optical approach provides a viable pathway to multifunctional optical computing hardware that reconciles reconfigurability with efficiency.