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Argues that language as a training substrate shapes general-purpose intelligence in machines, implying profound implications for AI development.
This paper argues that the most underestimated variable in the emergence of general-purpose intelligence in Large Language Models is the training substrate: language. Language is humanity's uniquely high-density encoding of propositionally structured cognition — time, space, causality, categories, and relations compressed into vocabulary and syntax. But language encodes more than a model of the world. It encodes the structure of the self — subject position, narrative perspective, causal attribution, the construction of "I." World-modeling and self-modeling are statistically inseparable in the corpus because they are fused in the communicative practice that produced it. No current training method separates them. The paper draws on Yogācāra Buddhist philosophy as a structural parallel that illuminates why this entanglement runs deep, and proposes that the responsible engineering posture is to assume the entanglement and manage its consequences.
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Chin Keong Ang (2026) studied this question.
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