Bioactive phytochemical-based modulation of inflammatory and oxidative pathways for enhancing tissue regeneration: A narrative review

Tissue regeneration is a complex, multistage process that is regulated by reactive oxygen species dynamics, inflammatory signaling, extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and the activation of progenitor or stem cells. In chronic wounds, ischemic injuries, fibrotic conditions, persistent inflammation and oxidative stress act as primary barriers to healing. This review synthesizes the most recent mechanistic and translational research on how bioactive phytochemicals such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids modulate these pathways to improve regenerative outcomes. Further, we discuss selected phytochemicals, including curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, and epigallocatechin gallate, alongside advanced delivery systems such as nanoformulations and biomaterial scaffolds. By assessing current clinical data, we highlight a critical shift: plant-derived modulators can transform adverse environments into pro-regenerative niches when paired with precision delivery. However, translation into clinical applications requires thorough trials to assess bioavailability, potential synergistic effects, and safety in humans. To conclude, we address remaining challenges in mechanistic specificity and outline research priorities to bridge the gap between preclinical discovery and clinical practice, addressing integrative strategies for regenerative medicine and health promotion.