This study aims to investigate the significant determinants that influence health outcomes (HO), examining how GDP per capita (GDPPC), technological innovation (TI), green financing (GF), CO₂ emissions (CO2), and education (EDU) impact life expectancy in these countries from 2000 to 2023. For this investigation, the CS-ARDL approach was employed. Additionally, the Continuously Updated Bias Correlated (CUP-BC) estimate and the Mean Group (MG) estimator were used in this work as a robustness check. The results indicate that life expectancy increases by 0.0967% for every 1% rise in GDP per capita and decreases by 0.73% for every 1% increase in technological innovation. Additionally, for every 1% growth in CO₂ emissions and education, life expectancy increases by 0.0349% and 0.0164%, respectively. The renewable energy consumption has no notable effect on life expectancy. Policy makers should focus on expanding capital formation, educational expenditure, technological innovation, and sustainable environmental policies to improve public health.
Tanha et al. (Sat,) studied this question.