What are the risk factors for early venous thrombosis associated with permanent pacemaker leads?
The presence of multiple pacemaker leads and established risk factors contribute to early venous thrombosis, highlighting the need for pre-implantation risk assessment and preventive management.
Established risk factors for venous thrombosis and the presence of multiple pacemaker leads contribute substantially to the occurrence of thrombosis associated with permanent pacemaker leads. Risk factor assessment prior to implantation may be useful for identifying patients at risk for thrombotic complications. Preventive management in these patients is warranted.
Rooden et al. (2004) studied this question.