Association of Influenza Vaccination With Cardiovascular Risk

Figure 1.. Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events for Influenza Vaccine vs Control When Comparing 2021 Large Cardiovascular Outcome Trial With Previous Meta-analysis Square data markers represent risk ratios; horizontal lines, 95% CIs, with marker size reflecting the statistical weight of the study using random-effects meta-analysis. Diamond data markers represent each subgroup and overall risk ratio with 95% CIs for the outcome of interest. Evaluated using the random-effects Mantel-Haenszel test. Heterogeneity variance τ2 calculated using the DerSimonian-Laird estimator. Risk of bias evaluated using standard Cochrane criteria: A, random sequence generation (selection bias); B, allocation concealment (selection bias); C, masking of participants and personnel (performance bias); D, masking of outcome assessment (detection bias); E, incomplete outcome data (attrition bias); F, selective reporting (reporting bias); G, other bias. Red indicates high risk of bias, yellow indicates unclear risk of bias, and green indicates low risk of bias.

Figure 2.. Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Comparing Influenza Vaccine vs Control Stratified by History of Recent Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Square data markers represent risk ratios; horizontal lines, the 95% CIs with marker size reflecting the statistical weight of the study using random-effects meta-analysis. Diamond data markers represent each subgroup and overall risk ratio and 95% CIs for the outcome of interest. Evaluated using the random-effects Mantel-Haenszel test. Heterogeneity variance τ2 calculated using the DerSimonian-Laird estimator.

Figure 3.. Cardiovascular Mortality Comparing Influenza Vaccine vs Control Stratified by History of Recent Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Square data markers represent risk ratios; horizontal lines, the 95% CIs with marker size reflecting the statistical weight of the study using random-effects meta-analysis. Diamond data markers represent each subgroup and overall risk ratio and 95% CIs for the outcome of interest. Evaluated using the random-effects Mantel-Haenszel test. Heterogeneity variance τ2 calculated using the DerSimonian-Laird estimator.