Provides a comprehensive reference for normal cardiovascular magnetic resonance values in adults and children to aid in distinguishing normal from disease states.
Enables precise distinction of normal from abnormal CMR in practice; leaves open need for prospective validation in diverse cohorts.
Morphological and functional parameters such as chamber size and function, aortic diameters and distensibility, flow and T1 and T2* relaxation time can be assessed and quantified by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Knowledge of normal values for quantitative CMR is crucial to interpretation of results and to distinguish normal from disease. In this review, we present normal reference values for morphological and functional CMR parameters of the cardiovascular system based on the peer-reviewed literature and current CMR techniques and sequences.
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Kawel‐Boehm et al. (2015) studied this question.
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