One-year mortality rates after standardized management for emergency laparotomy: results from the Swedish SMASH study

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Main actions of the SMASH care bundle for emergency laparotomy Vital signs, that is early warning score: heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, level of consciousness, and body temperature. Extended blood chemical analyses: haemoglobin concentration, platelet count, white blood cell count, sodium concentration, potassium concentration, creatinine kinase concentration, C-reactive protein concentration, procalcitonin concentration, and arterial blood gas levels.

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  Fig. 2. Study structure for the control and intervention groups *Including laparotomies that had a different procedure code initially. †Standardized protocol never used. ‡Each individual can only be included once. ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangioapancreatography.

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  Fig. 3. Kaplan–Meier survival curves for the control and intervention groups 1 year after surgery