Differential relationship of observer-rated and self-rated depression and anxiety scales with heart rate variability features

Figures

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  Figure 1. Flow diagram of participants’ enrollment, assessment, and allocation. KQIDS-SR, Korean Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report; STAI-S, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory-State; HRSD, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; HAS, Hamilton Anxiety Scale; ECG, Electrocardiogram.

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  Figure 2. A forest plot showing the effect sizes (ES) and confidence intervals (CI) of HRV indices compared between groups. The vertical solid black line represents a mean difference of zero or no effect. Each black diamond shows the standardized mean difference. The upper and lower range of the line connected to the diamond shows the 95% CI for the ES. Group 1: clinician-rated and self-rated depression; Group 2: only self-rated depression; Group 3: clinician-rated and self-rated anxiety; Group 4: only self-rated anxiety. HRV, heart rate variability; Mean HR, mean heart rate; Mean RR, mean of all RR intervals; SDRR, standard deviation of all RR intervals; SDSD, standard deviation of differences between adjacent RR intervals; RMSSD, root mean square of successive RR interval differences; pNN20, percentage of differences between adjacent RR intervals >20 ms; nHF, normalized high-frequency power; nLF, normalized low-frequency power; LF/HF, low- to high-frequency ratio.

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  Figure 3. A forest plot showing the effect sizes (ES) and confidence intervals (CI) of HRV indices compared between groups. The vertical solid black line represents a mean difference of zero or no effect. Each black diamond shows the standardized mean difference. The upper and lower range of the line connected to the diamond shows the 95% CI for the ES. Group A: no depression group; Group 2: only self-rated depression; Group B: no anxiety group; Group 4: only self-rated anxiety. HRV, heart rate variability; Mean HR, mean heart rate; Mean RR, mean of all RR intervals; SDRR, standard deviation of all RR intervals; SDSD, standard deviation of differences between adjacent RR intervals; RMSSD, root mean square of successive RR interval differences; pNN20, percentage of differences between adjacent RR intervals >20 ms; nHF, normalized high-frequency power; nLF, normalized low-frequency power; LF/HF, low- to high-frequency ratio.