Exploring Solute–Solvent Interactions of 2-Phenoxyethanol and Bronopol with Ascorbyl Glucoside in Aqueous Solutions: Thermodynamic and Spectroscopic Perspectives

The experimentally observed density and ultrasonic velocity data were used to evaluate certain volumetric and acoustic properties that characterize the molecular interactions in ternary mixes of 2-phenoxyethanol, bronopol, and ascorbyl glucoside in aqueous solutions. The experimental data were used to calculate isentropic compressibilities, their corresponding transfer values, hydration numbers, and apparent and limiting molar volumes using well-known thermodynamic principles. Measurements with DSA 5000 M were conducted at temperatures between 288.15 and 318.15 K (with a 10 K interval) and solvent concentrations of 0.07, 0.08, and 0.09 mol·kg–1. Pair and triplet interaction coefficients and thermal expansion coefficients were examined in order to gain a better understanding of the solute–solvent interactions and structural alterations occurring in the mixtures. The tendency of these antimicrobial systems to form or break structures is demonstrated by the combined results of thermodynamic, acoustic, and spectroscopic analysis. This helps to clarify their physicochemical stability in aqueous environments, which is crucial for formulations in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.