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This study aims to understand how the geometry of piggyback pipelines affects the scour process and force coefficients beneath them.

April 8, 2026ProcessesOpen Access

Current-Induced Scour Process Beneath Submarine Piggyback Pipelines: Influence of Geometry Configuration

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Numerical investigation of scour beneath piggyback pipelines, revealing geometry impacts on forces and sediment movement.

This study aims to understand how the geometry of piggyback pipelines affects the scour process and force coefficients beneath them.
Numerical modeling using two-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations
Utilization of the RNG k-ε turbulence model for sediment transport
Validation against experimental data
Examination of the effects of gap ratio (G/D) and position angle (α) on scour depth
Largest scour depth occurs at position angle α = 90° regardless of gap ratio G/D
Smallest equilibrium scour depth at α = 135° for gap ratios G/D = 0.25, 0.375, and 0.5 due to reduced vortex formation
Mean drag coefficient on the main pipeline reaches maximum at α = 90° and minimum at α = 45° for all gap ratios
Equivalent pipeline method underestimates equilibrium scour depth and time-averaged force coefficients

Zhang et al. (2026) studied this question.

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