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April 8, 2026

Social Protection, Agro-Environmental Innovation, And Carbon Sequestration Management as Pathways to Climate-Resilient Development: Empirical Evidence from Rural Kogi State, Nigeria

SHShulnom Jeremiah HassanFederal College of Education, Kano JGJeff GarHarborview Medical Center AZAliyu Zubair

Key Points

The research aims to assess how carbon sequestration, agro-environmental innovations, and social protection can enhance climate resilience in rural areas of Nigeria.
Conducted a mixed-methods design involving 217 household surveys and 8 key informant interviews.
Evaluated household perceptions of integration and resilience.
Assessed resilience levels using an integration index.
Analyzed quantitative data with descriptive statistics and ANOVA, and qualitative data through thematic analysis.
Significant differences in resilience scores were found based on integration levels (F(3, 213) = 47.62, p < .001).
Households with full integration scored an average of 4.18 out of 5 in resilience, compared to 3.12 for single domain users.
Only 17.1% of respondents reported full integration, indicating a gap in policy implementation.
Governance issues, such as weak systems and exclusion of women, hindered effective integration.

Abstract

The effects of climate change on rural development outcomes in Nigeria is severely adverse, yet responses are still piecemeal and context insensitive. This study Examines how the combination of carbon Sequestrations, agro-environmental Innovations and social protection systems can enhance climate resilience in rural Kogi Imo State. In particular, it: (i) Evaluates the perceptions of households on cross-sectoral synergies; (ii) utilizes an Integration Index in assessing the level of Resilience and integration; (iii) identifies Institutional and governance barriers; and (iv) suggests an evidence-based Framework for implementation at the States level. Data were collected through 217 households and eight Key Informant Interviews by utilizing a concurrent Mixed-methods design across four LGAS-Lokoja, Ajaokuta, Dekina and Kabba/Bunu. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used to analyze the quantitative data while qualitative data were analyzed using a thematic analysis. The findings indicate significant differences in resilience over levels of integration (F(3, 213) = 47.62, p < .001). Households with full integration had a significantly higher average resilience score (4.18 out of 5), compared to single domain users who had an average score of (3.12) and those without intervention(2.58). Only 17.1% of respondents were fully integrated. This indicates a significant gap in policy relevance. Such failures were largely due to governance-related issues including institutional blind spots, weak extension systems, and program designs excluding women. The framework proposed by this study is the Kogi Integrated Resilience Strategy (KIRS) Model, which aims to implement integrated resilience pathways and is aligned with Nigeria's climate change act (2021) and the updated Nationally Determined Contributions. The findings provide realistic and empirical insights for improving climate-resilient systems-oriented development.

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Cite This Study

Hassan et al. (Fri,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69d5f17974eaea4b11a7afcb https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.64388/irev9i9-1715814

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