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Strains of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) larvae classified as resistant (R; LD100 > 250 µg/2.54 cm2) and susceptible (S; LD100 25µg/2.54cm2) were allowed to choose: between leaves treated with technical carbaryl (2.2 kg AI/100 liters) and untreated leaves; between leaves treated with 80% sprayable carbaryl (2.2 kg AI/100 liters) and untreated leaves; and between leaves treated with the carrier (2.2 kg equivalent/100 liters) for formulating the 80% sprayable and untreated leaves. Mortalities of the R (19%) and S (58%) strains were as expected and were significantly different. Mortalities for the carrier treated leaves and the untreated leaves were not different. The total amount of feeding by the R (298 mm2) and the S (149 mm2) larvae was significantly different, but both strains fed less on the carbaryl treated leaves than on the untreated leaves (R 418 vs. 200 mm2 and S 178 vs. 97 mm2). The data suggest that survival of fall armyworm larvae exposed to carbaryl treated plant material may be a result of avoidance as well as insect resistance to the chemical.
Young et al. (Sun,) studied this question.