Reverse Cardio‐Oncology: Cancer Development in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease

Figures

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  Figure 1. Graphic illustration showing somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells as a common path for cancer and cardiovascular disease.

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  Figure 2. Theoretical depiction of the mechanisms by which hypoxia contributes to cancer growth and angiogenesis. HIF‐1 indicates hypoxia‐inducible factor 1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.

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  Figure 3. Theoretical depiction of cardiac secretome and its effect on tumor development, mobility, and metastasis.

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  Figure 4. Illustration of the reverse cardio‐oncology clinical end points. CHIP indicates clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential; CVD, cardiovascular disease.