Heart rate variability in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta–analysis

Figures

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  Fig 1. Search strategy.

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  Fig 2. Meta–analysis of RR intervals of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients compared with controls. -: non reported data (missing SD were also non reported). 95% CI: 95% confident intervals; BMI: Body Mass Index; RR: RR intervals; T2DM: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; SD: Standard Deviation.

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  Fig 3. Meta–analysis of SDNN of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients compared with controls. -: non reported data (missing SD were also non reported). 95% CI: 95% confident intervals; BMI: Body Mass Index; SDNN: Standard Deviation of RR intervals; T2DM: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; SD: Standard Deviation.

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  Fig 4. Meta–analysis of RMSSD of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients compared with controls. -: non reported data (missing SD were also non reported). 95% CI: 95% confident intervals; BMI: Body Mass Index; RMSSD: square root of mean squared differences of successive RR intervals; T2DM: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; SD: Standard Deviation.

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  Fig 5. Meta–analysis of pNN50 of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients compared with controls. -: non reported data (missing SD were also non reported). 95% CI: 95% confident intervals; BMI: Body Mass Index; pNN50: percentage of RR intervals with more than 50 ms variation; T2DM: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; SD: Standard Deviation.

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  Fig 6. Meta–analysis of total power of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients compared with controls. -: non reported data (missing SD were also non reported). 95% CI: 95% confident intervals; BMI: Body Mass Index; TP: Total Power; T2DM: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; SD: Standard Deviation.

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  Fig 7. Meta–analysis of the LF of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients compared with controls. -: non reported data (missing SD were also non reported). 95% CI: 95% confident intervals; BMI: Body Mass Index; LF: Low Frequency; T2DM: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; SD: Standard Deviation.

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  Fig 8. Meta–analysis of the HF of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients compared with controls. -: non reported data (missing SD were also non reported). 95% CI: 95% confident intervals; BMI: Body Mass Index; HF: High Frequency; T2DM: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; SD: Standard Deviation.

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  Fig 9. Meta–analysis of LF/HF of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients compared with controls. -: non reported data (missing SD were also non reported). 95% CI: 95% confident intervals; BMI: Body Mass Index; LF/HF: Low Frequency/High Frequency ratio; T2DM: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; SD: Standard Deviation.

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  Fig 10. Meta–regression of factors influencing heart rate variability in type 2 diabetes mellitus. 95% CI: 95% confident intervals; RR: RR intervals; SDNN: Standard Deviation of RR intervals; pNN50: percentage of RR intervals with more than 50 ms variation; RMSSD: square root of mean squared differences of successive RR intervals; TP: Total Power; LF: Low Frequency; HF: High Frequency; LF/HF: Low Frequency/High Frequency ratio.