Why the study?
How do anxiety and depression influence the bidirectional relationship between pain and smoking?
Population
Smokers with pain and comorbid anxiety/depression
Design
Review
Authors
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May guide screening for mood disorders in smokers with pain; hypothesis-generating, requiring prospective trials before practice change.
How do anxiety and depression influence the bidirectional relationship between pain and smoking?
Anxiety and depression may act as central mechanisms exacerbating pain and hindering smoking cessation in individuals with comorbid pain and tobacco addiction.
Zale et al. (2015) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 4 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: