New small molecules based on 9,9-bis(4-diphenylaminophenyl)fluorene functionalized with triphenylamine moieties are developed for use as dopant-free hole transporting materials (HTMs) in planar inverted perovskite solar cells. Power conversion efficiencies (PCE) as high as 17.1% are obtained with good stability.
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Pham et al. (2019) studied this question.
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