Plantation Forestry in Sub Saharan Africa: Silvicultural, Ecological and Economic Aspects

This paper discusses the potentials of meeting the wood demand and achieving SFM in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)through the establishment of forest plantations. The paper reviews forest plantation ownership and distributionpatterns in SSA and the factors –silvicultural, ecological, and economic that affect supply and demand for woodat both domestic and international markets. The risk associated with investing in forest plantations and theirsusceptibility to pest and disease attacks are highlighted. But with sound silvicultural practices these fears areallayed. Ecological sustainability is in most situations ensured, but there are risks associated with burning loggingslash after harvesting. It is found that efficiency in plantation management and success in achieving sustainablewood supply depends to a large extent on whether the plantations are owned and managed by the public or theprivate sector. Many public sector managed plantations are poorly managed and not profit-oriented. They haveother environmental and social services and benefits as objectives. Many benefits from such activities are not easilyquantifiable in monetary terms and therefore cannot be used to determine the profitability of the plantations. Thus,in financial analysis, most public sector owned and managed plantations are unprofitable and not economicallyviable because these important benefits are excluded in the calculations. Private owned forest plantations are wellmanaged and aim at profit maximization and therefore integrate plantations to wood processing plants to improvethe form and value of wood and make the wood products more competitive in both domestic and export markets.As a way forward, a number of actions are listed to ensure long-term viability of forest plantations in SSA.