Outcomes and Safety of Fluoroless Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation

Figures

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  Figure 1. Intracardiac echocardiography–guided transseptal puncture and placement of esophageal temperature probe. (A) View of the right atrium (RA), left atrium (LA), and superior vena cava (SVC) with guidewire in the SVC. (B) Transseptal sheath is advanced over the wire to the SVC. (C) Brockenbrough (BRK) needle is inserted in the lumen of the transseptal sheath, and both are dragged down together until there is displacement onto the fossa ovalis. (D) When in acceptable anteroposterior orientation, the BRK needle is advanced against the interatrial septum crossing into the LA. A microbubble injection confirms entry into the LA. (E) Dilator and sheath are advanced over the body of the BRK needle into the LA, and the dilator and needle are removed, leaving the sheath in the LA. (F) Placement of esophageal temperature probe tip in the posterior LA (circle).

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  Figure 2. Atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence at 1 year by the type of AF ablation approach.