Review examines materials chemistry challenges across battery applications, highlighting viable near-term strategies for next-generation energy storage.
Key Points
To evaluate the current state of lithium-ion battery technology and identify viable materials chemistry approaches to resolve performance trade-offs across applications.
Analyzed trade-offs among energy density, power, cycle life, cost, safety, and environmental impact in electronics, electric vehicles, and grid storage.
Assessed conventional insertion electrodes and organic electrolytes alongside emerging conversion materials, solid-state electrolytes, and lithium metal anodes.
Current commercial systems depend on insertion-reaction electrodes and organic liquid electrolytes, which face inherent chemical boundaries in energy density and thermal safety.
Next-generation alternatives such as conversion-reaction electrodes, solid electrolytes, and lithium metal anodes encounter severe chemical and structural barriers that impede immediate deployment.
Practical near-term improvements require targeted optimizations of existing materials systems to balance manufacturing cost, safety, and cycle life.