Graphene dispersion, functionalization techniques and applications: A review

Graphene and its derivatives have achieved great attention in nearly every field of engineering and science due to mechanical, thermal, and physical features. It is frequently necessary to disperse graphene into aqueous or organic fluids in order to take use of its remarkable properties. It is necessary to attain dispersion at a concentration and stability suitable for the intended use. Unfortunately, graphene disperses poorly in all but a few high boiling organic solvents due to the strong interactions between graphene sheets. This review summarizes the techniques for enhancing dispersions and the established mechanisms. The graphene and its derivatives, their structure, and dispersions methods with and without surface modification, along with their applications, are discussed in this review.