Computer vision analysis demonstrates detection of image tampering in manipulated photographs, indicating that lighting inconsistencies reveal composite digital forgeries.
The availability of sophisticated digital imaging technology has given rise to digital forgeries that are increasing in sophistication and frequency. We describe a technique for exposing such fakes by detecting inconsistencies in lighting. We show how to approximate complex lighting environments with a low-dimensional model and, further, how to estimate the model's parameters from a single image. Inconsistencies in the lighting model are th.en used as evidence of tampering.
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Johnson et al. (2007) studied this question.
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