Kaolin-group and sepiolite–palygorskite-group clay minerals as next-generation platforms for polymer nanocomposites

This work provides a systematic review of recent advances in polymer-matrix nanocomposites containing kaolin group and sepiolite–palygorskite group clay minerals such as kaolinite (Kln), halloysite (Hly), sepiolite (Sep) and palygorskite (Plg), as well as their derivatives fabricated via surface reactions with organic and inorganic substances. The study analyzes research hotspots, frontiers, and emerging trends in this field, as well as quantitatively and qualitatively evaluates the impact of institutions, countries, and researchers. The review summarizes the surface chemistry and physical characteristics of these clay minerals, along with key design approaches and methods used to prevent poor dispersion and agglomeration of filler particles in the fabrication of high-performance clay-polymer nanocomposites (CPNs) for various applications. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of the industrial, economic, and developmental aspects of fabricating such CPNs is provided.