Hydrogen Production Technologies: From Fossil Fuels toward Renewable Sources. A Mini Review

The global economic growth, the increase in the , and advances in technology lead to an increment in the primary energy demand. Considering that most of this is currently supplied by fossil fuels, a considerable amount greenhouse gases are emitted, contributing to climate change, is the reason why the next European Union binding is focused on reducing carbon emissions using . This study reviews different technologies for hydrogen using renewable and non-renewable resources. , a comparative analysis is performed on renewablebased technologies to evaluate which technologies are economically and energetically more promising. The results show how -based technologies allow for a similar hydrogen yield compared to those obtained with water-based technologies but with energy efficiencies and lower operational costs. More specifically, biomass gasification and steam reforming obtained a proper between the studied parameters, with gasification being the technique that allows for higher hydrogen yields, while steam is more energy-efficient. Nevertheless, the application of hydrogen as the energy vector of the future requires both the use renewable feedstocks with a sustainable energy source. This combination would potentially produce green hydrogen while carbon dioxide emissions, limiting global climate change, and, thus, achieving the so-called hydrogen economy