January 1, 2000Journal of The Electrochemical Society
An In Situ Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Study of Sodium Insertion into a Nanoporous Carbon Anode Material within an Operating Electrochemical Cell
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Discussion
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Implication
In situ X-ray scattering study reveals dual pore-filling and intercalation mechanisms in nanoporous carbon anodes, clarifying sodium and lithium battery storage pathways.
Key Points
- Determine the physical mechanisms of electrochemical sodium and lithium storage in nanoporous carbon anode materials during battery operation.
- Engineered an electrochemical cell featuring beryllium X-ray windows for operando electrode characterization.
- Conducted in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements to monitor atomic transport and nanoscopic pore filling under real operating voltages.
- Demonstrated that nanoscopic pore filling accounts for all sodium and lithium insertion occurring near the chemical potential of the respective bulk metals.
- Confirmed that intercalation between graphene sheets accounts for atom insertion at lower chemical potentials (higher cell voltages).
Cite This Study
Stevens et al. (2000) studied this question.