Follicle‐Stimulating Hormone, Its Association with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, and 10‐Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women

Figures

• 

  Figure 1. Flowchart of participants from East China. CVD indicates cardiovascular disease; FSH, follicle‐stimulating hormone; SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin.

• 

  Figure 2. Associations of follicle‐stimulating hormone with 10‐y ASCVD risk and cardiometabolic measures in postmenopausal women. They were analyzed using linear regression models with each measure as the outcome and follicle‐stimulating hormone as the explanatory variable. To facilitate comparisons across parameters, association magnitudes are reported in SD units of parameters per 1‐SD increment in ln‐follicle‐stimulating hormone. The model controls for age, total testosterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, economic status, and body mass index (but not included for body mass index and waist circumference in regression model). The results are expressed as unstandardized coefficients (95% confidence interval). ASCVD indicates atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HOMA‐IR, homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance.

• 

  Figure 3. Subgroup analyses of associations between follicle‐stimulating hormone and 10‐y atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in postmenopausal women. Medication use included lipid‐, glucose‐, and blood pressure–lowering drugs and cortisone (n=552). Association magnitudes are reported in SD units of 10‐y ASCVD risk per 1‐SD increment in follicle‐stimulating hormone. Linear regression analysis was used. The model controls for age, total testosterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, economic status and body mass index. The results are expressed as unstandardized coefficients (95% confidence interval).

• 

  Figure 4. Associations of follicle‐stimulating hormone with high 10‐y ASCVD risk and metabolic diseases in postmenopausal women. They were analyzed using logistic regression models with each disease as the outcome and follicle‐stimulating hormone as the explanatory variable. Adjusted ORs for each 1‐SD increment of ln‐follicle‐stimulating hormone associated with corresponding diseases are shown. The model controls for age, total testosterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, economic status, and body mass index (but not included for overweight, obesity, and central obesity in regression model). The results were expressed as odds ratios (95% confidence interval). ASCVD indicates atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; OR, odds ratio.