Medical image pretraining-based transfer learning for generalizable and robust diagnosis of bone tumors on radiographs: a multi-center study

Domain-specific medical image pretraining (RadImageNet) significantly outperforms natural image pretraining (ImageNet) for bone tumor classification on radiographs. Deep learning models pretrained on medical images demonstrate superior performance compared to radiomics approaches for bone tumor classification. AI assistance effectiveness varies among radiologists, with performance improvements depending on individual experience and receptiveness to AI support.