Lower-Lying Flexor Hallucis Longus Is Associated With Advancing to Surgery in Pediatric and Adolescent Os Trigonum Syndrome

Morgan E. Swanson; Brendon C. Mitchell; Nathan Chaclas; A K Kuang; Kaitlyn O’Malley; Sulagna Sarkar; Jenny Nguyen; Naomi Brown; Kathleen Maguire

doi:10.1097/bpo.0000000000003237

April 7, 2026Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics

Lower-Lying Flexor Hallucis Longus Is Associated With Advancing to Surgery in Pediatric and Adolescent Os Trigonum Syndrome

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Key Points

The aim is to determine if the position of the flexor hallucis longus muscle belly influences the success of nonoperative treatment in os trigonum syndrome.
Analyzed the anatomical position of the flexor hallucis longus muscle in patients with os trigonum syndrome.
Monitored treatment outcomes between nonoperative and surgical management.
Compared muscle belly positioning with surgical intervention rates.
Patients with a lower-lying flexor hallucis longus were more likely to require surgery.
Nonoperative management had higher failure rates associated with specific muscle positions.
Understanding the muscle anatomy can aid in better treatment planning.

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Implication

Explores the connection between muscle belly position and surgery in pediatric and adolescent os trigonum syndrome, suggesting implications for treatment strategies.

Abstract

The relative location and distal extension of the FHL muscle belly may be a risk factor for failure of nonoperative management and progression to surgical intervention in the pediatric and adolescent patient.

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Cite This Study

Swanson et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69d893a86c1944d70ce04a58 https://doi.org/10.1097/bpo.0000000000003237

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Lower-Lying Flexor Hallucis Longus Is Associated With Advancing to Surgery in Pediatric and Adolescent Os Trigonum Syndrome

Key Points

Ask about this paper

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Lower-Lying Flexor Hallucis Longus Is Associated With Advancing to Surgery in Pediatric and Adolescent Os Trigonum Syndrome

Key Points

Ask about this paper

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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