What question did this study set out to answer?

The research aims to assess heavy metal concentrations in water and fish and evaluate associated health risks.

Assessing the Levels of Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Water and Fish Species Linked to Potential Risks to Health in Olooge Lagoon, Lagos State

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Assessment reveals high heavy metal levels in fish and water, indicating health risks for consumers.

The research aims to assess heavy metal concentrations in water and fish and evaluate associated health risks.
Collected water samples and fish species: Tilapia, Silver Catfish, and Chinos.
Analyzed heavy metal concentrations using ICP-OES.
Conducted health risk assessments using HQ, HI, and CRI models.
Evaluated physicochemical water parameters like pH, TDS, and conductivity.
Tilapia had the highest concentration of heavy metals compared to other fish species.
Children's HQ and HI values exceeded safe limits for all tested fish species.
CRI values for Arsenic and Lead were above acceptable thresholds.
Water showed higher alkalinity and hardness than WHO/NESREA guidelines.

Adetutu et al. (2026) studied this question.

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