What question did this study set out to answer?

The study aims to understand how ENSO and IOD affect drought patterns across India from 1950 to 2024.

Regional Drought Modulation by ENSO and IOD as Indicated by the Standardized Precipitation Index

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Demonstrates the influence of ENSO and IOD on drought characteristics in India, indicating implications for drought prediction.

The study aims to understand how ENSO and IOD affect drought patterns across India from 1950 to 2024.
Analyzed meteorological drought characteristics using the Standardized Precipitation Index.
Quantified drought events in terms of frequency, duration, severity, and intensity.
Used composite, correlation, and mediation analyses to link drought to ENSO–IOD variability.
Conducted spatial correlations and wavelet coherence analyses.
El Niño events are associated with widespread and severe droughts in central and southern India.
Drought frequency during El Niño can exceed 30% with SPI values less than −1.5.
La Niña phases tend to enhance monsoon rainfall, reducing drought conditions.
ENSO has a stronger impact on rainfall and SPI compared to the IOD, but positive IOD phases can mitigate some El Niño effects.
Mediation analyses confirm ENSO’s dominant control at interannual timescales.

Tiwari et al. (2026) studied this question.

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View Full Paper

Ask AI

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Authors

Demonstrates the influence of ENSO and IOD on drought characteristics in India, indicating implications for drought prediction.

The study aims to understand how ENSO and IOD affect drought patterns across India from 1950 to 2024.
Analyzed meteorological drought characteristics using the Standardized Precipitation Index.
Quantified drought events in terms of frequency, duration, severity, and intensity.
Used composite, correlation, and mediation analyses to link drought to ENSO–IOD variability.
Conducted spatial correlations and wavelet coherence analyses.
El Niño events are associated with widespread and severe droughts in central and southern India.
Drought frequency during El Niño can exceed 30% with SPI values less than −1.5.
La Niña phases tend to enhance monsoon rainfall, reducing drought conditions.
ENSO has a stronger impact on rainfall and SPI compared to the IOD, but positive IOD phases can mitigate some El Niño effects.
Mediation analyses confirm ENSO’s dominant control at interannual timescales.

Tiwari et al. (2026) studied this question.

View Full Paper

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