Harm reduction progams and interventions for equity-deserving populations who use crack-cocaine. A scoping review.

Harm reduction programs and interventions are tailored to women who smoke crack, hospitalised patients, people living with HIV, aboriginal descendants, and marginalized urban populations. They aim to reduce crack-cocaine related mortality and morbidity, by promoting safer consumption practices and healthier lifestyles. They improve living conditions, access to employment and community engagement. Findings advocate prioritization of harm reduction services that attend to women's specific experiences of gendered, race-based, social and structural violence, harassment and discrimination. Besides, despite their vulnerability, street-involved youth, migrants, and refugees are underrepresented in research, underscoring the need for inclusive programs and interventions that consider both age and migration contexts. Most research was conducted in North America, with limited studies from Latin America, Europe, and rural settings, highlighting geographic and contextual gaps. Effective Harm reduction must prioritize health equity, addressing stigma, gendered and racial violence, and structural barriers to care.