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The research aims to explore how digital citizenship behaviors influence political culture in post-conflict Erbil, Iraq.

Digital Citizenship and Political Culture: How Digital Civic Engagement Shapes Political Orientations in Erbil, Iraq

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The research aims to explore how digital citizenship behaviors influence political culture in post-conflict Erbil, Iraq.
Quantitative study using a cross-sectional survey design
Sample of 374 citizens from Erbil
Stratified random sampling for data collection
Validated 85-item questionnaire employed
Statistical analysis through SPSS including regression and factor analysis
Digital civic engagement significantly predicts democratic political culture orientations (β = 0.312, p < 0.001)
Online political participation also significantly predicts democratic orientations (β = 0.287, p < 0.001)
Traditional media consumption is associated with traditional political culture patterns (β = 0.198, p < 0.01)
Model explains 68.4% of variance in political culture orientations (R² = 0.684, p < 0.001)
Findings indicate stronger democratic orientations among citizens with higher digital citizenship behaviors.

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Quantitative analysis examines how digital citizenship shapes political orientations in Erbil, suggesting insights for civic education.

Lashkr Aliakbar Hadaya (2026) studied this question.

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