What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to clarify the structural conditions necessary for consciousness through an epistemic lens.

April 10, 2026Open Access

Consciousness on Epistemic Ground

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This essay develops a framework to clarify the structural basis of consciousness in living systems, suggesting implications for various theories.

The aim is to clarify the structural conditions necessary for consciousness through an epistemic lens.
Revisits Immanuel Kant's philosophy on subjectivity.
Proposes a framework distinguishing first-order biological subjectivity from second-order structures.
Explores the roles of neural systems and dynamic memory in consciousness.
Defines a minimal subject through the analysis of self-maintaining organisms.
Establishes that consciousness emerges from representations of internal states.
Integrates contemporary theories of consciousness as components of a biological and epistemic architecture.

Leif Johansson (2026) studied this question.

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This essay develops a framework to clarify the structural basis of consciousness in living systems, suggesting implications for various theories.