In vitro study demonstrates that fossil amber extract suppresses inflammatory signaling in stimulated macrophages, indicating therapeutic potential for chronic inflammation.
Key Points
To investigate the anti-inflammatory efficacy and molecular mechanism of Russian amber extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
Evaluated cell viability of RAW 264.7 cells treated with Kaliningrad amber extract using the MTT assay.
Measured intracellular reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and inflammatory cytokines using fluorescent staining, Griess assay, and ELISA.
Assessed mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS via RT-PCR and Western blotting, and tracked NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation using immunofluorescence.
Amber extract attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced morphological differentiation into dendritic-like cells and reduced reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide accumulation.
Treatment produced a dose-dependent reduction in the mRNA and protein expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS.
Extract exposure suppressed the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit, pointing to NF-κB pathway inhibition as the primary mechanism of action.