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The first step in the appropriate packaging design of food, agricultural and industrial products is to conduct an accurate simulation of the vehicle transport environment, in which a power spectral density (PSD) profile is applied. Although several researchers have mentioned the limitations of PSD-based simulation, it is still widely used because accelerated test conditions can be easily generated from the PSD acquired from a particular transport section. In this study, three representative trucks and transport test routes of domestic freight transport were selected to develop a simulation protocol for a truck transport environment in Korea. These studies are needed to compare domestic transport vibration levels with those presented by the International Standards (ASTM: West Conshohocken, USA, ISTA: Chicago, USA) and to simulate damage to packaged products by domestic transport environments. The composite PSD profile for the truck transport environment was established by dividing it into high-and low-level composite PSD profiles representing the top 30% and lower 70%, respectively, of the measured vibration events based on the root-mean-square acceleration (rms G) of the measured vibration events. Also, the effects of these variables on the truck vibration level were analyzed by extracting data corresponding to the truck’s pre-planned travel speed and road conditions in the vibration records measured on the test route. Moreover, kurtosis, skewness, and normal quantile-quantity (Q-Q) analyses were conducted to understand the statistical characteristics of Korea’s truck transport environment. Statistical analysis showed that the measured vibration events had a heavy-tailed distribution and skewed to the right, causing dissymmetry. The overall rms G of the developed high-level and low-level composite PSD profiles in the range from 1 to 250 Hz were 0.47 and 0.32 for leaf-spring trucks and 0.30 and 0.14 for air-ride trucks, respectively.
Park et al. (Sun,) studied this question.