Network Effects and Multinetwork Sellers’ Dynamic Pricing in the U.S. Smartphone Market

Although the literature on network effects has focused on single-network firms, many industries feature multinetwork firms that play more complex dynamic pricing games. In this paper, we estimate the network effect at the smartphone operating system (OS) level and study multi-OS telecommunication carriers’ dynamic pricing strategies in an oligopolistic setting, using data on the U. S. smartphone industry. We find a positive OS network effect. Counterfactual analysis indicates that if the carriers were single-OS sellers, they would increase the phone prices of large OSs and lower the prices of small OSs, which reduces the consumer surplus by 6. 99 billion. Further analyses show that the multi-OS carriers choose lower prices for large OSs than for small OSs because of their preference for OS concentration. This paper was accepted by Eric Anderson, marketing. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grants 72203217, 71803205, and 72192803 and the fund for building world-class universities (disciplines) of Renmin University of China. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https: //doi. org/10. 1287/mnsc. 2022. 4530.