Systematic review and meta-analysis reveals mouth breathing alters jaw rotation and tooth alignment in children, suggesting airway stenosis impairs normal facial growth.
The results showed that the mandible and maxilla rotated backward and downward, and the occlusal plane was steep. In addition, mouth breathing presented a tendency of labial inclination of the upper anterior teeth. Airway stenosis was common in mouth-breathing children. Trial registration crd-register@york.ac.uk, registration number CRD42019129198.
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Zhao et al. (2021) studied this question.
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