What question did this study set out to answer?

To delineate the structural, physiological, and genetic mechanisms by which bacterial biofilms promote antibiotic tolerance and resistance.

December 23, 2020AntibioticsOpen Access

Biofilms as Promoters of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance and Tolerance

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Narrative review reveals mechanisms driving antimicrobial tolerance in bacterial biofilms, highlighting structural and genetic barriers to therapy.

To delineate the structural, physiological, and genetic mechanisms by which bacterial biofilms promote antibiotic tolerance and resistance.
Synthesized scientific literature analyzing biofilm architecture, extracellular matrix composition, and microenvironmental diffusion dynamics.
Evaluated physiological gradients, cellular metabolic alterations, and molecular pathways mediating antimicrobial evasion in biofilm-dwelling bacteria.
Physical barrier properties of the extracellular matrix impede antibiotic penetration, preventing bactericidal drug concentrations from accumulating across the biofilm.
Diffusion gradients of oxygen and nutrients create heterogeneous metabolic zones, inducing bacterial persistence and phenotypic antibiotic tolerance in starved subpopulations.
Dense spatial proximity and extracellular DNA enhance horizontal gene transfer, while elevated mutation rates and efflux pump expression actively confer resistance.

Uruén et al. (2020) studied this question.

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December 23, 2020AntibioticsOpen Access

View Full Paper

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Authors

Narrative review reveals mechanisms driving antimicrobial tolerance in bacterial biofilms, highlighting structural and genetic barriers to therapy.

To delineate the structural, physiological, and genetic mechanisms by which bacterial biofilms promote antibiotic tolerance and resistance.
Synthesized scientific literature analyzing biofilm architecture, extracellular matrix composition, and microenvironmental diffusion dynamics.
Evaluated physiological gradients, cellular metabolic alterations, and molecular pathways mediating antimicrobial evasion in biofilm-dwelling bacteria.
Physical barrier properties of the extracellular matrix impede antibiotic penetration, preventing bactericidal drug concentrations from accumulating across the biofilm.
Diffusion gradients of oxygen and nutrients create heterogeneous metabolic zones, inducing bacterial persistence and phenotypic antibiotic tolerance in starved subpopulations.
Dense spatial proximity and extracellular DNA enhance horizontal gene transfer, while elevated mutation rates and efflux pump expression actively confer resistance.

Uruén et al. (2020) studied this question.

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