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Discussion
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Implication
Narrative review uncovers distinct causal versus complicit roles of microbes in cancer, highlighting the therapeutic potential of the immuno-oncology-microbiome axis.
Key Points
- To delineate causal versus complicit roles of microbes in cancer development and evaluate how host-microbiome interactions affect immunotherapy and tumor progression.
- Synthesized evidence on bacterial, viral, and fungal associations with cancer pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment response.
- Evaluated mechanisms governing intratumoral microbes and therapeutic manipulation strategies targeting gut and tumor microbiomes.
- Demonstrated that although few microbial species directly induce carcinogenesis, diverse microbes indirectly drive tumor progression and modify treatment efficacy via immune pathways.
- Identified manipulation of the immuno-oncology-microbiome axis and intratumoral bacteria as a viable strategy to enhance immunotherapy outcomes and target metastatic disease.
Cite This Study
Sepich‐Poore et al. (2021) studied this question.