Pulmonary Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Treatment Strategies

IBDs are complex multisystem diseases with a range of extraintestinal manifestations, most of which are understood poorly. Pulmonary manifestations of IBD are diverse, and they present a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. This is the first review to summarize therapeutic approaches of individual case studies and to recommend general strategies for treating various pulmonary manifestations. With further research, a standard approach to diagnosing and treating pulmonary manifestations of IBD may be established, especially in cases of corticosteroid-resistant disease.