Changes in the alternative electron sinks and antioxidant defence in chloroplasts of the extreme halophyte Eutrema parvulum (Thellungiella parvula) under salinity

E. parvulum was able to adapt to osmotic stress by an efficient osmotic adjustment mechanism involving proline and was able to regulate its ion homeostasis. In addition, efficient induction of water-water cycle enzymes and other redox regulatory components such as TRXs and PRXs in chloroplasts were able to protect the chloroplasts from salinity-induced oxidative stress.