Mapping the Global Research Trends on Pro-Sustainability Behaviours in the Built Environment: A Systematic Review

Escalating environmental challenges have increased interest in understanding pro-sustainability behaviours (PSBs) within the built environment. Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and the Value–Belief–Norm (VBN) Theory, this study maps the global PSB research landscape and examines how cognitive, normative, and moral behavioural determinants are conceptualised. Employing the PRISMA framework and scientometric analysis using VOSviewer, the study analysed 22 key publications sourced from multiple academic databases. The findings indicate a steady growth in PSB research since 2017, with substantial contributions from Asia, particularly Malaysia and China. However, the literature remains theoretically fragmented, with limited integration of established behavioural frameworks. Eight categories of PSBs were identified, demonstrating how TPB constructs (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control) and VBN constructs (values, beliefs, personal norms) are reflected in stakeholder practices across the built environment lifecycle. The findings highlight conceptual gaps, notably the underutilisation of hybrid behavioural models, and emphasise the need for future research that enhances theoretical integration, interdisciplinarity, and geographical diversity. The study provides evidence-based insights to support policy, education, and industry efforts to strengthen PSBs in the built environment.