A systematic review assesses how manufacturing techniques affect physical and mechanical stability in occlusal devices, suggesting implications for durability.
Abstract Statement of problem Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) has introduced alternatives to the conventional fabrication of occlusal devices, though data on their physical, mechanical, and long-term durability remain limited. Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the stability of the physical and mechanical properties of occlusal device materials subjected to degradation. Material and methods This review was registered in the open science framework (OSF) (osf.io/rjgs6) and involved 8 databases and nonpeer-reviewed sources, supplemented by manual screening. Independent study selection followed predefined criteria, and the risk of bias was assessed with the RoBDEMAT tool. Results Across 21 studies, milled composite resins outperformed 3-dimensionally (3D) printed and heat-polymerized or autopolymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) under artificial degradation, with printing and postpolymerization parameters influencing the physicomechanical stability of 3D printed composite resins. Conclusions Milled materials exhibited the greatest stability, heat-polymerized PMMA demonstrated intermediate performance, and autopolymerized resins performed the worst. Despite greater degradation susceptibility, advances in formulation and postprocessing suggest promising potential for 3D printed resins.
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Melo-Soares et al. (2026) studied this question.
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