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Observational outcomes compare labor induction and expectant management in midwifery care, suggesting no rise in cesarean births.
Among patients receiving exclusive midwifery care, labor induction did not increase cesarean birth rates. Findings suggest that clinical context, including midwifery-led care and collaborative practice environments, may influence outcomes. Further research is needed to explore impact of IOL practices on risks for cesarean birth.
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Smith et al. (2026) studied this question.
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