The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on the Skeletal and Reproductive Systems in Women

Vitamin D deficiency is a widespread global health problem, particularly among women of reproductive age. It plays a critical role not only in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism but also in reproductive health through its influence on hormonal regulation, ovarian function, and immune modulation. Deficiency of vitamin D has been associated with osteoporosis, increased fracture risk, menstrual irregularities, infertility, and conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis. This article aims to evaluate the effects of vitamin D deficiency on the skeletal and reproductive systems in women, highlighting underlying mechanisms, clinical implications, and management strategies. The findings emphasize the importance of early screening and adequate supplementation.