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Assess trace element concentrations, sources, human health risks, and ecological impacts across four northern Himalayan tributaries of the Ganga River in India.

April 15, 2025SHILAP Revista de lepidopterologíaOpen Access

Health and ecological risk assessment of metals in surface water from the Himalayan tributaries of the Ganga river, India

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Authors

MAMd Maroof AzamJawaharlal Nehru University JTJayant K. TripathiWadia Institute of Himalayan Geology

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Implication

Environmental risk assessment reveals elevated lead contamination and health hazards in the Ramganga River, highlighting the need for targeted industrial pollution controls.

Key Points

Assess trace element concentrations, sources, human health risks, and ecological impacts across four northern Himalayan tributaries of the Ganga River in India.
Measured trace element concentrations in surface waters of the Ramganga, Ghaghara, Gandak, and Kosi rivers against national and international standards.
Calculated health and environmental risk metrics, including the Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI), Hazard Quotient (HQ), Health Index (HI), Chronic Daily Intake (CDI), and Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI).
Lead concentrations in the Ramganga exceeded World Health Organization drinking water guidelines, alongside elevated levels of copper and zinc attributed to industrial catchment discharge.
The Ramganga exhibited non-carcinogenic health hazards exceeding safe limits, with total Health Index values reaching 1.876 for adults and 1.616 for children.
Heavy Metal Pollution Index values were 93.74 for the Ghaghara, 83.95 for the Kosi, 83.13 for the Gandak, and 80.43 for the Ramganga, indicating sub-critical yet moderate contamination levels.

Cite This Study

Azam et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69da45660f32475823a3d371 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12932-025-00100-7

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Implication

Environmental risk assessment reveals elevated lead contamination and health hazards in the Ramganga River, highlighting the need for targeted industrial pollution controls.

Health and ecological risk assessment of metals in surface water from the Himalayan tributaries of the Ganga river, India

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Cite This Study

Health and ecological risk assessment of metals in surface water from the Himalayan tributaries of the Ganga river, India

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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